The French Revolution (1789-99) violently transformed France from a monarchic state with a rigid social hierarchy into a modern nation in which the social structure was loosened and power passed increasingly to the nerve center classes.
CAUSES
There is consider open contr everywheresy over the causes of the Revolution. Marxist scholars emphasize material factors: as the population increased, solid food supplies grew short; land had become divided into such teeny parcels that most French workforce lived close to the subsistence level; and after 1776 agricultural respite forced property owners to exploit their sources of revenue. Marxists also maintain that commercialised prosperity had stimulated the growth of a monied middle class that threatened the position of the established landed aristocracy. former(a) social historians emphasize the importance of the growing discrepancy amongst reality and the legally defined social structure, which distinguished men by hereditary or acquired rank and recognized corporeal rather than individual rights. They also emphasize, however, the complexity of French fiat and question the importance of capitalism.
Political historians usually regard the weakness of the monarchy as a crucial factor. Nominally, the benevolent Louis XVI (r. 1774-92) was the absolute pattern of a united country. Actually, so many rights, or privileges, were maintained by provinces, towns, corporate bodies, the clergy, and the nobility that the king had little license of action.
Moreover, since offices in the legal and administrative system--and the noble rank that went with them--could be purchased and bequeathed as property, a new aristocracy of ennobled officials had developed. These men were able to monopolize profitable employment, to frustrate royal reforms, and to prevent the monarchy from lift taxes to meet the ever-increasing costs of government and of war. Some writers contrast the whimsey of the old regime with the desire, stimulated by the Enlightenment and the eccentric of America, for reforms and...
If you want to get a full essay, wisit our page: write my paper
No comments:
Post a Comment